{
  "name": "MFG Calcs Manufacturing Pulse",
  "description": "Current U.S. manufacturing benchmarks: input costs, producer prices, demand, labor, money, and trade, from EIA, BLS, Census, the Federal Reserve, and the IMF.",
  "url": "https://www.mfgcalcs.com/pulse",
  "asOf": "2026-07-13",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution": "MFG Calcs (mfgcalcs.com), compiled from U.S. government open data",
  "metricCount": 70,
  "metrics": [
    {
      "category": "Demand",
      "metric": "capacityUtilization.manufacturing",
      "label": "Capacity utilization, manufacturing",
      "value": 75.5559,
      "unit": "%",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "Federal Reserve G.17 via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MCUMFN"
    },
    {
      "category": "Demand",
      "metric": "demand.housingStarts",
      "label": "Housing starts",
      "value": 1427,
      "unit": "thousands (SAAR)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "Federal Reserve, Census, BLS, and ATA via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/HOUST"
    },
    {
      "category": "Demand",
      "metric": "demand.industrialProduction",
      "label": "Manufacturing industrial production",
      "value": 98.6995,
      "unit": "index (2017=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "Federal Reserve, Census, BLS, and ATA via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/IPMAN"
    },
    {
      "category": "Demand",
      "metric": "demand.inventoriesToSales",
      "label": "Manufacturers' inventories to sales ratio",
      "value": 1.47,
      "unit": "ratio",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Federal Reserve, Census, BLS, and ATA via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MNFCTRIRSA"
    },
    {
      "category": "Demand",
      "metric": "demand.jobOpenings",
      "label": "Manufacturing job openings",
      "value": 529,
      "unit": "thousands",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Federal Reserve, Census, BLS, and ATA via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/JTS3000JOL"
    },
    {
      "category": "Demand",
      "metric": "demand.newOrders",
      "label": "Manufacturers' new orders",
      "value": 657373,
      "unit": "USD millions",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Federal Reserve, Census, BLS, and ATA via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AMTMNO"
    },
    {
      "category": "Demand",
      "metric": "demand.truckTonnage",
      "label": "Truck tonnage index",
      "value": 117.7,
      "unit": "index (2015=100)",
      "period": "2026-04",
      "source": "Federal Reserve, Census, BLS, and ATA via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TRUCKD11"
    },
    {
      "category": "Demand",
      "metric": "demand.vehicleSales",
      "label": "Light vehicle sales",
      "value": 16.949,
      "unit": "millions (SAAR)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "Federal Reserve, Census, BLS, and ATA via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/TOTALSA"
    },
    {
      "category": "Demand",
      "metric": "demand.weeklyHours",
      "label": "Manufacturing average weekly hours",
      "value": 41.6,
      "unit": "hours/week",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "Federal Reserve, Census, BLS, and ATA via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AWHMAN"
    },
    {
      "category": "Global materials",
      "metric": "globalMaterials.aluminum",
      "label": "Global aluminum price",
      "value": 3438.847272727273,
      "unit": "USD/tonne",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "IMF global price via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PALUMUSDM"
    },
    {
      "category": "Global materials",
      "metric": "globalMaterials.copper",
      "label": "Global copper price",
      "value": 13552.04090909091,
      "unit": "USD/tonne",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "IMF global price via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCOPPUSDM"
    },
    {
      "category": "Global materials",
      "metric": "globalMaterials.ironOre",
      "label": "Iron ore price",
      "value": 103.7909090909091,
      "unit": "USD/tonne",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "IMF global price via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PIORECRUSDM"
    },
    {
      "category": "Input costs",
      "metric": "electricity",
      "label": "Industrial electricity",
      "value": 8.66,
      "unit": "cents/kWh",
      "period": "2026-04",
      "source": "EIA Electricity Data Browser, retail sales, industrial sector",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Input costs",
      "metric": "fuels.diesel",
      "label": "On-highway diesel",
      "value": 4.796,
      "unit": "USD/gal",
      "period": "2026-07-13",
      "source": "EIA Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update, weekly",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Input costs",
      "metric": "fuels.gasoline",
      "label": "Regular gasoline",
      "value": 3.855,
      "unit": "USD/gal",
      "period": "2026-07-13",
      "source": "EIA Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update, weekly",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Input costs",
      "metric": "naturalGas",
      "label": "Industrial natural gas",
      "value": 4.9,
      "unit": "USD/Mcf",
      "period": "2026-04",
      "source": "EIA Natural Gas Navigator, industrial price",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pri_sum_dcu_nus_m.htm"
    },
    {
      "category": "Input costs",
      "metric": "spot.brent",
      "label": "Brent crude",
      "value": 81.62,
      "unit": "USD/bbl",
      "period": "2026-07-13",
      "source": "EIA daily spot prices",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/data.php"
    },
    {
      "category": "Input costs",
      "metric": "spot.henryHub",
      "label": "Henry Hub natural gas",
      "value": 2.83,
      "unit": "USD/MMBtu",
      "period": "2026-07-13",
      "source": "EIA daily spot prices",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/data.php"
    },
    {
      "category": "Input costs",
      "metric": "spot.propane",
      "label": "Propane (Mont Belvieu)",
      "value": 0.721,
      "unit": "USD/gal",
      "period": "2026-07-13",
      "source": "EIA daily spot prices",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/data.php"
    },
    {
      "category": "Input costs",
      "metric": "spot.wti",
      "label": "WTI crude",
      "value": 79.2,
      "unit": "USD/bbl",
      "period": "2026-07-13",
      "source": "EIA daily spot prices",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.eia.gov/petroleum/data.php"
    },
    {
      "category": "Labor",
      "metric": "laborManufacturing",
      "label": "Manufacturing average hourly earnings",
      "value": 30.27,
      "unit": "USD/hour",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Current Employment Statistics",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/CES3000000008"
    },
    {
      "category": "Labor",
      "metric": "workforce.employment",
      "label": "Manufacturing employment",
      "value": 12598,
      "unit": "thousands of employees",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Current Employment Statistics",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.bls.gov/ces/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Labor",
      "metric": "workforce.hiresRate",
      "label": "Manufacturing hires rate",
      "value": 2.3,
      "unit": "% of employment",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "BLS Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.bls.gov/jlt/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Labor",
      "metric": "workforce.overtimeHours",
      "label": "Manufacturing overtime hours",
      "value": 4.1,
      "unit": "hours/week",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Current Employment Statistics",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.bls.gov/ces/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Labor",
      "metric": "workforce.quitsRate",
      "label": "Manufacturing quits rate",
      "value": 1.4,
      "unit": "% of employment",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "BLS Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.bls.gov/jlt/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Money",
      "metric": "fx.cad",
      "label": "Canadian dollar",
      "value": 1.4132,
      "unit": "CAD per USD",
      "period": "2026-07-10",
      "source": "Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DEXCAUS"
    },
    {
      "category": "Money",
      "metric": "fx.cny",
      "label": "Chinese yuan",
      "value": 6.7766,
      "unit": "CNY per USD",
      "period": "2026-07-10",
      "source": "Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DEXCHUS"
    },
    {
      "category": "Money",
      "metric": "fx.eur",
      "label": "Euro",
      "value": 1.1438,
      "unit": "USD per EUR",
      "period": "2026-07-10",
      "source": "Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DEXUSEU"
    },
    {
      "category": "Money",
      "metric": "fx.jpy",
      "label": "Japanese yen",
      "value": 161.31,
      "unit": "JPY per USD",
      "period": "2026-07-10",
      "source": "Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DEXJPUS"
    },
    {
      "category": "Money",
      "metric": "fx.mxn",
      "label": "Mexican peso",
      "value": 17.4732,
      "unit": "MXN per USD",
      "period": "2026-07-10",
      "source": "Federal Reserve H.10 via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DEXMXUS"
    },
    {
      "category": "Money",
      "metric": "rates.fedFunds",
      "label": "Effective federal funds rate",
      "value": 3.63,
      "unit": "%",
      "period": "2026-07-16",
      "source": "Federal Reserve via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFF"
    },
    {
      "category": "Money",
      "metric": "rates.prime",
      "label": "Bank prime loan rate",
      "value": 6.75,
      "unit": "%",
      "period": "2026-07-16",
      "source": "Federal Reserve via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DPRIME"
    },
    {
      "category": "Money",
      "metric": "rates.treasury10y",
      "label": "10-year Treasury yield",
      "value": 4.57,
      "unit": "%",
      "period": "2026-07-16",
      "source": "Federal Reserve via FRED",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DGS10"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.aluminum",
      "label": "PPI: aluminum mill shapes",
      "value": 411.422,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU1025"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.castings",
      "label": "PPI: iron and steel castings",
      "value": 295.755,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU1015"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.chemicals",
      "label": "PPI: industrial chemicals",
      "value": 343.719,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU061"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.copper",
      "label": "PPI: copper and brass mill shapes",
      "value": 557.232,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU1022"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.fasteners",
      "label": "PPI: bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers",
      "value": 328.585,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU1081"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.industrialGases",
      "label": "PPI: industrial gases",
      "value": 208.746,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU0653"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.ironSteel",
      "label": "PPI: iron and steel",
      "value": 366.341,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU101"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.lumber",
      "label": "PPI: lumber and wood products",
      "value": 280.114,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU081"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.machinery",
      "label": "PPI: machinery and equipment",
      "value": 199.38,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU11"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.paints",
      "label": "PPI: paints and allied products",
      "value": 422.953,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU0623"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.paper",
      "label": "PPI: paperboard and containers",
      "value": 283.86,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU0913"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.resins",
      "label": "PPI: plastic resins and materials",
      "value": 310.753,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU066"
    },
    {
      "category": "Producer prices",
      "metric": "ppi.steel",
      "label": "PPI: steel mill products",
      "value": 361.439,
      "unit": "index (1982=100)",
      "period": "2026-06",
      "source": "BLS Producer Price Index",
      "sourceUrl": "https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/WPU1017"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.aluminum.balance",
      "label": "Aluminum trade balance",
      "value": -1277986963,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.aluminum.exports",
      "label": "Aluminum exports",
      "value": 1525123763,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.aluminum.imports",
      "label": "Aluminum imports",
      "value": 2803110726,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.copper.balance",
      "label": "Copper trade balance",
      "value": -631466832,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.copper.exports",
      "label": "Copper exports",
      "value": 1338966416,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.copper.imports",
      "label": "Copper imports",
      "value": 1970433248,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.electrical.balance",
      "label": "Electrical machinery and equipment trade balance",
      "value": -30276585203,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.electrical.exports",
      "label": "Electrical machinery and equipment exports",
      "value": 21208691151,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.electrical.imports",
      "label": "Electrical machinery and equipment imports",
      "value": 51485276354,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.ironSteel.balance",
      "label": "Iron and steel trade balance",
      "value": -444970674,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.ironSteel.exports",
      "label": "Iron and steel exports",
      "value": 1678466733,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.ironSteel.imports",
      "label": "Iron and steel imports",
      "value": 2123437407,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.machinery.balance",
      "label": "Machinery and mechanical appliances trade balance",
      "value": -51622651071,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.machinery.exports",
      "label": "Machinery and mechanical appliances exports",
      "value": 26274639859,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.machinery.imports",
      "label": "Machinery and mechanical appliances imports",
      "value": 77897290930,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.plastics.balance",
      "label": "Plastics trade balance",
      "value": 1239286296,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.plastics.exports",
      "label": "Plastics exports",
      "value": 7348890119,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.plastics.imports",
      "label": "Plastics imports",
      "value": 6109603823,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.rubber.balance",
      "label": "Rubber trade balance",
      "value": -1616793911,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.rubber.exports",
      "label": "Rubber exports",
      "value": 1262924552,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.rubber.imports",
      "label": "Rubber imports",
      "value": 2879718463,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.vehicles.balance",
      "label": "Vehicles trade balance",
      "value": -17416254872,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.vehicles.exports",
      "label": "Vehicles exports",
      "value": 11615352402,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    },
    {
      "category": "Trade",
      "metric": "trade.vehicles.imports",
      "label": "Vehicles imports",
      "value": 29031607274,
      "unit": "USD/month",
      "period": "2026-05",
      "source": "Census International Trade",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/"
    }
  ]
}