How do you calculate first-pass repair yield?

Divide the number of repairs that pass final test the first time by the total repaired units tested, then multiply by 100. With 8 units passing out of 250 tested, FPY is 8 / 250 x 100 = 3.2%.

What is a good first-pass repair yield for a depot?

Mature consumer-electronics repair lines typically run 85-95% FPY, which is why the default target here is 95%. Anything under about 70% signals a diagnosis or process problem, not random variation.

Why is my first-pass repair yield so low?

A result like 3.2% almost always means a counting or process error: units are being tested before rework is complete, the wrong pass criterion is applied, or a single systemic fault (bad solder profile, wrong firmware) is failing nearly every board. Check the failure Pareto before blaming technicians.

First-pass yield vs final yield: what's the difference?

First-pass yield counts only units that pass with zero rework loops, while final yield counts everything that eventually passes after retries. Final yield is always equal to or higher than FPY; the gap between them is your hidden rework cost.

What is the yield gap to target?

It is your current FPY minus your target. At 3.2% against a 95% target, the gap is 91.8 points, meaning the line is far below where it needs to be and every unit is effectively being reworked.

Does first-pass repair yield include scrapped units?

No. FPY measures pass-first-time against units tested. Units scrapped as beyond economic repair before final test should be excluded from the denominator, or they will artificially depress the yield.

Electronics Repair, Refurbishment & Depot Operations calculator

First-Pass Repair Yield Calculator

First-pass repair yield (FPY) is the share of repaired units that pass final functional test on their first attempt, with no re-diagnosis or re-solder loop. In an electronics repair depot it is the single cleanest signal of repair quality: high FPY means technicians are fixing the true root fault, not just clearing the symptom. Depot managers, repair engineering leads, and quality teams watch it because every unit that fails final test gets queued back, doubling labor, tying up test fixtures, and pushing out turnaround time. A low FPY quietly eats margin long before it shows up as a customer return.

What this calculator does

Measure the percentage of repaired electronics that pass final functional test the first time without additional troubleshooting, rework, or repeat bench time.
Use it when first-pass repair yield in electronics repair, refurbishment and depot operations needs a clean rate and gap-to-target you can put on a tier board.
It computes the percentage of repaired units that pass final test on the first attempt and the gap between that yield and your target.

Formula used

First-pass repair yield = repairs passing final test first time ÷ total repaired units tested × 100
Yield gap to target = first-pass repair yield - target first-pass repair yield

Inputs explained

Repairs passing final test first time:
Total repaired units tested:
Target first-pass repair yield:

How to use the result

Use it daily or per shift to track repair-line quality, qualify a new repair process or technician, or diagnose why turnaround time is slipping.
FPY only counts the final-test gate; it says nothing about why units fail, and a high yield on an easy product mix can mask poor performance on hard fault types.

Current U.S. benchmarks

The producer price index for copper and brass mill shapes stands at 559.593 (BLS, May 2026), up 76.8% from a year earlier. Quotes priced off last quarter's material cost miss this move. Global copper trades at $13,484 per tonne (IMF via FRED, May 2026).
U.S. manufacturing runs at 75.6% of capacity (Federal Reserve, May 2026). New factory orders are up 2.3% year over year (Census).
The U.S. has 11,261 computer and electronic products establishments employing about 815,443 workers (Census County Business Patterns, 2023).

Common questions

How do you calculate first-pass repair yield? Divide the number of repairs that pass final test the first time by the total repaired units tested, then multiply by 100. With 8 units passing out of 250 tested, FPY is 8 / 250 x 100 = 3.2%.
What is a good first-pass repair yield for a depot? Mature consumer-electronics repair lines typically run 85-95% FPY, which is why the default target here is 95%. Anything under about 70% signals a diagnosis or process problem, not random variation.
Why is my first-pass repair yield so low? A result like 3.2% almost always means a counting or process error: units are being tested before rework is complete, the wrong pass criterion is applied, or a single systemic fault (bad solder profile, wrong firmware) is failing nearly every board. Check the failure Pareto before blaming technicians.
First-pass yield vs final yield: what's the difference? First-pass yield counts only units that pass with zero rework loops, while final yield counts everything that eventually passes after retries. Final yield is always equal to or higher than FPY; the gap between them is your hidden rework cost.
What is the yield gap to target? It is your current FPY minus your target. At 3.2% against a 95% target, the gap is 91.8 points, meaning the line is far below where it needs to be and every unit is effectively being reworked.

Last reviewed 2026-05-12.