Supply Chain
Landed Cost Math in 2026: Why Unit Price Alone Is Incomplete
The unit price wins the quote and loses the deal. Landed cost, freight and duty and currency and the inventory a long lane forces you to hold, is the number that decides which source is actually cheapest.
Landed cost is the total cost to get a part from a supplier's dock to your usable inventory: unit price, freight, insurance, duties, brokerage, and the carrying cost of the extra inventory a longer supply line forces you to hold. It is the only fair basis for comparing sources, and it routinely reverses the ranking a unit-price comparison produces. The low-unit-price source from across an ocean can lose to a nearshore source once the freight, the duty, and the six weeks of in-transit inventory get priced. This is the calculation that should decide sourcing, and the pieces that move the most are freight, tariffs, and currency.
The five layers of a landed cost
What actually stacks between the quote and your inventory
- Unit price, in the supplier's currency. The number everyone quotes and the only one most buyers compare.
- Freight and insurance. Ocean, air, or truck, plus the insurance on the goods in transit. Distance and mode set this.
- Duty and brokerage. The tariff schedule times the customs value, plus the cost of clearing it. One line can erase a unit-price advantage.
- Currency. The exchange rate at payment, which can move between quote and invoice and often does.
- Carrying cost of pipeline inventory. A long lane forces you to hold weeks of stock in transit and buffer, and that capital has a cost.
The currency line, updated
Currency is a layer buyers often treat as fixed even though it can move between quote and payment. As of Sep 18, 2026, the Mexican peso trades at 17.2454 per US dollar (with no prior-year reading archived yet) and the Chinese yuan at 6.6975 (with no prior-year reading archived yet). When the supplier price is denominated in its home currency, a landed-cost model built at last quarter's rates can rank two sources differently today even if its other inputs are unchanged. That is why landed cost is a living model: freight changes with market conditions, duties with policy, and exchange rates with the market, sometimes daily.
- Peso per USD, Sep 18, 2026: 17.2454
- Yuan per USD, Sep 18, 2026: 6.6975
The unit price starts the argument. The landed cost, currency and all, ends it, and the ending has flipped more sourcing decisions than any negotiation.
Making the comparison honest
To compare two sources fairly, build the full stack for each and refresh the volatile layers at decision time. Price the freight for the actual lane and mode, apply the current duty schedule, convert foreign-currency quotes at today's exchange rate, and add a carrying charge for the pipeline inventory each lane requires. Only then are the two numbers comparable. The result can reverse a unit-price ranking, but it need not: nearshore wins only when its premium is smaller than the far-shore freight, duty, currency, and inventory differences. The calculation, not the sourcing label, decides.
The currency leg, six years of it
- 2021: 20.5140
- 2022: 19.4960
- 2023: 16.8998 (Peak strength)
- 2024: 20.8557 (The whipsaw)
- 2025: 18.0057
- 2026 (latest): 17.2454 (Strengthening again)
Across the five-year record the peso is still working down from a peak rather than building a new level. The high came at the close of 2024 near 20.8557, and today's 17.2454 sits 17% below it, in the lower third of its five-year range. That gap is the fact worth carrying, because the reference point most people hold in their heads is the peak, and the record has spent years saying the peak was the anomaly.
Use the total landed cost calculator to build the full stack for each source with current freight, duty, and currency inputs. Calculate landed cost
Published 2026-08-05.