What is the difference between location-based and market-based Scope 2?

Location-based uses the average emission factor of the grid the site draws from, whatever contracts you hold. Market-based uses the factor of the electricity you contracted for, such as certified renewable electricity at zero, and the residual mix factor for the rest. For 2,400,000 kWh with 900,000 kWh contracted at 0.02 kg CO2e/kWh, a 0.386 grid factor and a 0.45 residual mix, location-based is 926.4 t and market-based is 693.0 t CO2e.

Where do I get emission factors?

From a published national or supplier source for the reporting year: for example the US EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub, the UK government GHG conversion factors, India's CEA CO2 baseline database, or your electricity supplier's disclosure. The workbook ships with example fuel and grid factors that are illustrative only; type your own in the Sources and Sites lists and record the source in the column next to each factor.

How are refrigerant leaks counted?

As Scope 1 fugitive emissions: the kilograms of refrigerant topped up during service are taken as the amount that leaked, multiplied by the gas's 100-year global warming potential. A 16 kg R-410A top-up at the IPCC AR5 GWP of 1,924 is 30.8 t CO2e, about as much as a month of natural gas at a small plant.

Can I keep several years in one workbook?

Yes. The logs can hold any number of months; the Dashboard shows the calendar year you type at the top. Add each year's output to the Output by year list on Setup so the intensity tile works for that year, and keep your base-year emissions on Setup for the reduction tile.

Is this a verified or certified inventory?

No. It does the arithmetic of a Scope 1 and 2 inventory transparently, following the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard and Scope 2 Guidance, but the boundary, the activity data and the factors are your choices. If you report publicly or to a scheme, have the inventory reviewed against ISO 14064-1 or the scheme's rules.

Does it cover Scope 3 or purchased steam?

No. It covers Scope 1 (stationary and mobile combustion, refrigerants and process gases) and Scope 2 from purchased electricity. Purchased steam, heat or cooling and all Scope 3 categories are outside this workbook, and the Method sheet says so.

Energy and Sustainability

Scope 1 and 2 GHG Inventory Excel Template

Log fuel, refrigerant top-ups and electricity by month and site, and get Scope 1, location-based and market-based Scope 2, progress against your base year and emissions per unit of output.

Overview

This Scope 1 and 2 inventory is a working Excel workbook for EHS and sustainability managers, energy managers and owners of manufacturing sites who need defensible greenhouse gas numbers without a carbon software licence. It ships with a fictional year of data for a two-site metal components maker, so the dashboard and charts are populated when you open it; replace the example rows and factors with your own and everything recalculates.

Scope 1 comes from a monthly log of fuel burned, refrigerant topped up and process gas used. Each row multiplies the quantity by the factor of its source on Setup, in kg CO2e per activity unit, so every factor is typed once and its source sits next to it. Scope 2 comes from a monthly electricity log and is reported both ways the GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance asks for: location-based, purchased kWh times the site's grid average factor, and market-based, contractual kWh times the contract's factor plus the remaining kWh times the residual mix factor. That is the same formula the Scope 2 Dual Inventory calculator on this site uses for a single purchase.

In practice, enter the month's gas, fuel and electricity bills and any refrigerant service records, then read the dashboard for the reporting year. The location-based vs market-based chart shows exactly what a PPA or certificate purchase changed, the Scope 1 Pareto shows which fuel or leak to attack first, and the reduction tile tells you whether the year is on track against the base-year target you set.

What this template includes

Fuel and Refrigerants log (Scope 1): one row per month, site and source, with the activity unit, category and emission factor looked up from your Sources list
Electricity log (Scope 2): purchased kWh and the kWh covered by certificates, PPAs or green tariffs, reported location-based and market-based on every row
Setup lists for sites (grid and residual mix factors) and emission sources, each factor typed once with a column for where it comes from
Refrigerant GWPs from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (R-410A, R-134a) pre-filled; fuel and grid factors are labelled example values to replace
Dashboard for the reporting year you type: Scope 1, both Scope 2 totals, reduction against your base year, intensity per unit of output and the share of electricity under contracts
Four native charts: Scope 1 and 2 by month, location-based vs market-based Scope 2, a Scope 1 Pareto by source and emissions by site
Monthly, by-site and Scope 1 by-category tables ready to copy into a report
Check columns that name problems in words: source or site not on the list, contractual kWh above purchased kWh, missing contract factor, duplicate rows
Method sheet with every formula, and a Verify sheet that re-checks the workbook against an independent reference, including the Scope 2 Dual Inventory calculator's example

Suggested use case

Use it to build a first Scope 1 and 2 inventory for a plant or a small group of sites, to prepare figures for a customer sustainability questionnaire, or to track monthly progress against a reduction target.

How to use it

On Setup, enter your company name, output unit, base year, base-year emissions and targets.
Replace the example sites with your own grid and residual mix factors, and the example sources with your fuels, refrigerants and process gases, writing down where each factor comes from.
On Fuel and Refrigerants, add one row per month, site and source in the activity unit the list shows.
On Electricity, add one row per month and site with purchased kWh, any contractual kWh and that contract's factor.
Fix anything the Check columns flag, then type the reporting year at the top of the Dashboard.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between location-based and market-based Scope 2?: Location-based uses the average emission factor of the grid the site draws from, whatever contracts you hold. Market-based uses the factor of the electricity you contracted for, such as certified renewable electricity at zero, and the residual mix factor for the rest. For 2,400,000 kWh with 900,000 kWh contracted at 0.02 kg CO2e/kWh, a 0.386 grid factor and a 0.45 residual mix, location-based is 926.4 t and market-based is 693.0 t CO2e.
Where do I get emission factors?: From a published national or supplier source for the reporting year: for example the US EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub, the UK government GHG conversion factors, India's CEA CO2 baseline database, or your electricity supplier's disclosure. The workbook ships with example fuel and grid factors that are illustrative only; type your own in the Sources and Sites lists and record the source in the column next to each factor.
How are refrigerant leaks counted?: As Scope 1 fugitive emissions: the kilograms of refrigerant topped up during service are taken as the amount that leaked, multiplied by the gas's 100-year global warming potential. A 16 kg R-410A top-up at the IPCC AR5 GWP of 1,924 is 30.8 t CO2e, about as much as a month of natural gas at a small plant.
Can I keep several years in one workbook?: Yes. The logs can hold any number of months; the Dashboard shows the calendar year you type at the top. Add each year's output to the Output by year list on Setup so the intensity tile works for that year, and keep your base-year emissions on Setup for the reduction tile.
Is this a verified or certified inventory?: No. It does the arithmetic of a Scope 1 and 2 inventory transparently, following the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard and Scope 2 Guidance, but the boundary, the activity data and the factors are your choices. If you report publicly or to a scheme, have the inventory reviewed against ISO 14064-1 or the scheme's rules.
Does it cover Scope 3 or purchased steam?: No. It covers Scope 1 (stationary and mobile combustion, refrigerants and process gases) and Scope 2 from purchased electricity. Purchased steam, heat or cooling and all Scope 3 categories are outside this workbook, and the Method sheet says so.